Chinese farmers have been switched from a traditional farming system to advance which was accumulated with efficient utilization of different crop rotation, intercropping, and all possible nutrients (e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and Sulphur (S) resources to the usage of synthetic fertilization 8. China has encountered one of the most significant challenges in the twentieth century in trying to maintain increased annual cereal production to about 600 Mt by 2030 and to assure food security with diminishing cropland and limited resources while improving soil fertility and protecting the environment. In addition, the rates and levels of the predicted warming may increasing the historical experience in some regions 6, 7. By bringing in greater crop yield variability, local food supplies, and higher landslide and erosion damage risks, they can adversely affect food supply stability and food safety. The regional and global weather conditions are expected to become more change than present, with the increasing flood, hailstorm, drought, and other climatic changes 6. Around 18, the global average temperature increased by 0.85 degrees Celsius, and the temperature rise from 1951 to 2012 was nearly double that of 1880–1950 5. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) fifth assessment reported that the earth surface temperature had been continuously increasing in the past three decades. A recent study on global climate change has shown significant changes by warming 4. By 2050 the world will need 70–100% more food 2, 3, China must feed 20% of the world’s population with 7% of the world’s arable land and 6% of its water resources. Global agricultural intensification significantly increased food production over the last decade, driven by increased fertilizer use and irrigation 1. Moreover, our findings highlight the opportunity further to improve management policies (especially for nitrogen) to maintain crop yield. The difference between the observed and simulated values of NO 3 −–N and NH 4 +–N of mean loss was 11.15 kg ha −1 and 0.04 kg ha −1 respectively. The average 20 years losses of NO 3 −–N and NH 4 +–N observed were 1375.91 kg ha −1, and 9.24 kg ha −1, while in the simulation increase was 1387.01 kg ha −1 and 9.28 kg ha −1, respectively. The total soil NO 3 −–N loss has the same trend as the rainfall, and it increases with the number of rainfall days over the years. The predicted values of total soil NO 3 −–N and NH 4 +–N nitrogen are 10 kg ha −1 and 5 kg ha −1 higher than the observed values. The observed values are consistent with the simulated values.
#Soybean apsim model simulator
The Agricultural Production System Simulator model was used to simulate soil nitrogen in black soil in Yangling Jilin Province for 20 years. The tremendous increase in industrial development and urbanization has become a severe threat to the Chinese climate and food security.
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